Bohinj is a 20 km long and 5 km wide basin
within the Julian Alps, in the Upper Carniola region of north-western Slovenia.
It is traversed by the Sava Bohinjka river. Its main feature is the periglacial
Lake Bohinj.
The church of St. John the Baptist, framed by
the bridge and the famous view of Lake Bohinj, is no doubt the most famous image
of Bohinj. The church, incorporating in the elements of Romanesque to Baroque
periods, is one of the most diverse architectural monuments in Bohinj, and
features among the most attractive examples of Slovenian medieval architecture
and wall paintings.
Lake Bohinj, covering 317 hectares, is the
largest permanent lake in Slovenia. The largest of the streams that flow into
the lake, the Savica (»little sava«), is fed from Black Lake, the largest lake
in the Triglav Lakes Valley. The outflow at the eastern end is the Jezernica
creek which merges with the Mostnica to form the Sava Bohinjka, which in turn
becomes the larger Sava River at the confluence with the Sava Dolinka.
The Sava Bohinjka (which merges with the Sava
Dolinka into the Sava) begins when two rivers, the Jezernica and the Mostnica,
merge. The Mostnica comes from the Voje Valley, whereas the Jezernica is a very
short river that flows from Lake Bohinj. Many smaller streams flow into the
lake. The largest of them, the Savica, emerges in Komarča as a large waterfall.
Savica Falls gets most of its water from Black Lake, which is the largest in
the Triglav Lakes Valley.
Devil's Bridge was according to the legend
created by the Devil. He made a deal with the people that were unable to build
the bridge by themselves because it always collapsed. The deal was that, if the
built the bridge for them, the first soul to cross it would be his. The people
agreed, but couldn't decide whom to send when it was finished. But one farmer
sent a dog across. The Devil went mad when he realised that they had tricked him.
Bohinjska Bistrica lies in the valley between
the Sava Bohinjka River, the Dobrava and Ajdovski Gradec hills, and Bistrica
and Belica creeks. The main road leading to the railway station divides the
settlement into the upper and lower hamlets of Zgornja Vas and Spodnja Vas.
Bohinjska Bistrica is the location of three
archaeological sites. The Giant's Castle archaeological site is a 5th Century
BC fortification east of the settlement. It served as a refuge in the late
Roman era, and features terracing, the remains of a defensive wall, and a
fortified gate. It is associated with two prehistoric burial sites. The Selo
archaeological site near Giant's Castle is a late Iron Age and Roman era site.
The terraced slope shows traces of building layouts and various artifacts have
been found at the site. The Telečnica archaeological site was inhabited in
prehistoric times.
"Še dan
današnji vidiš razvalino,
ki Ajdovski se gradec imenuje,
v nji gledaš Črtomírovo lastnino.
Narveč
sveta otrokam sliši Slave,
tje bomo najdli pot, kjer nje sinovi
si prosti vóljo vero in postave."
The Baptism
at the Savica – France Prešeren
The Zois Manor with Tower Clock was built in
the neo Romanic style in the second half of the 18th century. Above the
entrance doors we can see the famous arms. The manor was the residence and
administrative building for iron entrepreneurs. In the Lord's garden, which is
across the road in the southern side of the castle, is the Zois clock. Baron
Ziga Zois built it that ironworkers would come in right time to the work. Ziga
Zois was the ironworker, botanist, mineralogist, regenerator and the patron of
the Slovenian literature. The castle and other buildings are today reorganized
to the restaurant in the medieval style.
Rebro – Military cemetery of the First world
war (1915-1917)
During the First world war, Bohinj was an
important base behind Austro-Hungarian lines in the period from 1915-1917. The
Bohinj railway was the most important supply route for the northern positions
of the Austro-Hungarian 5th Army in the Tolmin bridge area; that is,
in the part of the front between Mrzli vrh above Tolmin and Lom in Banjščice.
Bohinjska Bistrica railway station was initially connected with Ukanc by a tow
railway, which was later replaced with an electric narrow-gauge railway for the
transport of military equipment to the high mountains of the Krn front. Two
military hospitals operated in Bohinjska Bistrica from May 1915 until the end
of 1917. Zois Castle housed Field Hospital No. 1506 (Feldspittal No. 1506),
where the wounded were treated. Patients suffering from contagious diseases
were treated in the Balassa Szarmat Reserve Hospital (Reserve Spittal Balassa
Szarmat), popularly called Špital pod Rrebrom (Hospital below Rebro). Wounded
soldiers and patients were conveyed by rail from the Tolmin bridge area, while
some were also brought from the battlefield in the Krn range. The dead were
buried here in the late 1917. At that time, both military hospitals moved
closer to the battlefield on the Piava river. The cemetery comprises 285 marked
graves where soldiers of all nations of the monarchy were put to rest: 202 of
these were from the infantry ranks, 55 were from technical units and various
services, 19 were from the artillery and 9 were Russian prisoners of war.
The First world war in Ukanc (1915-1917)
After Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary,
Bohinj became the immediate rear of the battlefield in the Krn mountain range.
The main supply route of the 15th Austro-Hungarian Mountain Brigade,
which was defending military positions on the eastern Krn sector, ran through
Bohinj. The final station of the military aerial cableway leading to Komna
Mountain was in Ukanc. There were several warehouses of military material. Many
prisoners of war, mostly Russians, worked there. The troops left Bohinj in
November 1917 after the Italians retreated to the Piave River. From June 1915
to November 1917, the cemetery in Ukanc was mostly used for burying
Austro-Hungarian soldiers killed in the fierce battles that took place in the
summer and autumn of 1915 in the Krn mountain range. The majority of these
soldiers served in infantry regiments from the Hungarian part of the country.
From the evidence of surnames and the centres of recruitment recorded, the
majority of soldiers buried were Hungarians, Poles and Ukrainians. Civilians
and soldiers from other nations of the monarchy were also among those buried:
Slovaks, Czechs, Germans, Romanians, Serbs and Slovenes. There are also 17
Russians, two Romanian and one Italian prisoners of war buried at the cemetery.
Prisoners of war in Bohinj, lacking food, built military roads, a railway, cut
wood, carried military supplies, etc. A total of 282 graves are marked,
including 221 with names. There are 64 graves of unknown soldiers and prisoners
of war. As many as 14 graves have been lost or are the burial place of two
soldiers.
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"Everyday I wake
I tell myself a little harmless lie
The whole wide world is mine"
- Angels & Airwaves